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Accuracy of 3D printed Models vs Traditional Stone Models
Title
Accuracy of 3D printed Models vs Traditional Stone Models.
Abstract/Description
3D models are an essential device used in various fields of dentistry. Dental models are used for the fabrication of crowns, dentures, orthodontic treatments, and surgical equipment. Traditionally, 3D models are created from gypsum stone. However, 3D printed resin may provide a higher degree of precision and ease of sharing between professionals. Multiple studies have confirmed the accuracy of the Trios 3Shape 3D scanner, but few studies provide information on the reliability of 3D printers....
Show more3D models are an essential device used in various fields of dentistry. Dental models are used for the fabrication of crowns, dentures, orthodontic treatments, and surgical equipment. Traditionally, 3D models are created from gypsum stone. However, 3D printed resin may provide a higher degree of precision and ease of sharing between professionals. Multiple studies have confirmed the accuracy of the Trios 3Shape 3D scanner, but few studies provide information on the reliability of 3D printers. The purpose of this study is to determine the dimensional accuracy of 3D printed models for future application in dental and orthodontic treatments. Four anonymous participants received an alginate impression and 3D dental scans on the upper and lower dental arches for a resulting sample size of n=4. Prints were made from a Form Labs Form 2 3D printer and an Anycubic Photon 3D printer. These prints, as well as the gypsum model resulting from the alginate impression, were designated specific dental markers in which measurements were taken. Graphs of width and height were constructed after data analysis on Excel. There were no statistically different measurements between models of the same patient. Expected statistical differences were seen between patients, due to being different samples, which helped to validate the width and height measurements as statistically sound. This indicates that the measurements taken from stone models are as accurate as the 3D printed models. 3D printed models would be beneficial for cost reduction for orthodontic treatment and provide immediate surgical guides or dental study models.
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Identifier
irsc_s_b_p0009
Format
Document (PDF)
Does Obesity Contribute to Poor Eyelid Laxity?
Title
Does Obesity Contribute to Poor Eyelid Laxity?.
Abstract/Description
Eyelid laxity is a clinical term, which refers to the lower and/or upper eyelids containing less elastin and collagen than normal, thus appearing loose and droopy. This condition causes irritation, excessive tearing, and redness that may contribute to dry eye syndrome. Many factors are believed to cause eyelid laxity, such as smoking and excessive sun exposure. A study was conducted to see whether a high body mass index (BMI) was a factor in eyelid laxity. This study focused on subjects’ age...
Show moreEyelid laxity is a clinical term, which refers to the lower and/or upper eyelids containing less elastin and collagen than normal, thus appearing loose and droopy. This condition causes irritation, excessive tearing, and redness that may contribute to dry eye syndrome. Many factors are believed to cause eyelid laxity, such as smoking and excessive sun exposure. A study was conducted to see whether a high body mass index (BMI) was a factor in eyelid laxity. This study focused on subjects’ age ranging between 20-85 years old. Each subject lacked visible facial nerve palsy and eyelid trauma that can influence accurate laxity measurements. It was unknown if patients had previous eyelid surgery, which may also affect measurements due to laxity correction. Upon acquiring consent, a Blephometer was prepared for taking eyelid measurements. Fluress was instilled in the patients’ eyes to temporarily numb them, and eyelid measurements were observed and recorded. Preliminary data indicated that eyelid laxity measurements of patients with a higher BMI were significantly worse than patients with a healthy BMI.
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Identifier
irsc_s_b_p0010
Format
Document (PDF)
Structural Evaluation of the Optic Nerve Head
Title
Structural Evaluation of the Optic Nerve Head.
Abstract/Description
Precise morphological evaluation of the optic nerve head is essential to accurately diagnose glaucoma, especially in diverse patient populations. Interpretation of the physical structure of the optic nerve head includes optic disc size, cup to disc ratio, vertical disc diameter and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. I hypothesize that there are subtle differences in the optic nerve head appearance based on age, gender, race and refractive error that can predict an increased likelihood of...
Show morePrecise morphological evaluation of the optic nerve head is essential to accurately diagnose glaucoma, especially in diverse patient populations. Interpretation of the physical structure of the optic nerve head includes optic disc size, cup to disc ratio, vertical disc diameter and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness. I hypothesize that there are subtle differences in the optic nerve head appearance based on age, gender, race and refractive error that can predict an increased likelihood of glaucoma development and degree of irreversible vision loss. Detailed measurements of the optic nerve head were taken using advanced imaging technology called an optical coherence tomography (OCT). Data were analyzed using regression analysis to determine potential correlations between the impact of the physical characteristics of the optic nerve with the development of glaucoma. Individual variables were compared using ANOVA. On average, subjects with high myopia included in the study were shown to have larger disc areas than those with mild to moderate myopia and have an increased risk of developing glaucoma. In addition, patients with a positive family history of glaucoma are more likely to develop advanced versions of the disease.
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Identifier
irsc_s_b_p0008b
Format
Document (PDF)
Human Leukocyte Antigens and Their Correlation to Disease
Title
Human Leukocyte Antigens and Their Correlation to Disease.
Abstract/Description
Lack of information on unique diseases has led to research on human components associated with disease defense such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), also known as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA). This genetic complex produces three classes of MHC receptors in humans, MHC/HLA I, II, and III, located on the cell membrane. MHC is a highly polymorphic gene complex with high linkage disequilibrium. Molecular changes and mutations on units of the MHC increase susceptibility for...
Show moreLack of information on unique diseases has led to research on human components associated with disease defense such as the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), also known as the human leukocyte antigen (HLA). This genetic complex produces three classes of MHC receptors in humans, MHC/HLA I, II, and III, located on the cell membrane. MHC is a highly polymorphic gene complex with high linkage disequilibrium. Molecular changes and mutations on units of the MHC increase susceptibility for disease. These findings led to procedures which purposely induced changes on the MHC to prove its association with disease susceptibility. Analyzing and sequencing the genome of the HLA gene region is an important part of understanding the MCH, but sequencing can be difficult due to its high polymorphism trait. These issues led to faster, more efficient, and cheaper methods for sequencing not just the HLA but any gene region. Technology such as mass spectrometry is also facilitating characterization of HLAs, and finding disease correlations. With these advances in technology, a source for various diseases can be found.
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Date Issued
08-01-2018
Identifier
irsc_s_b_p0003
Format
Document (PDF)
Does Sleeping Position Negatively Affect Eyelid Laxity?
Title
Does Sleeping Position Negatively Affect Eyelid Laxity?.
Abstract/Description
Eyelid laxity is a condition where the eyelid connective tissue loses elasticity, which leads to malposition of the lids and ocular surface discomfort. An increase in eyelid laxity can occur with age and environmental factors. Patients were selected randomly from a general optometric practice with an age range of 20-85 years. Exclusion criteria included facial nerve palsy and a history of eyelid surgery or trauma. Patients were asked about their sleeping position, smoking history, UV exposure...
Show moreEyelid laxity is a condition where the eyelid connective tissue loses elasticity, which leads to malposition of the lids and ocular surface discomfort. An increase in eyelid laxity can occur with age and environmental factors. Patients were selected randomly from a general optometric practice with an age range of 20-85 years. Exclusion criteria included facial nerve palsy and a history of eyelid surgery or trauma. Patients were asked about their sleeping position, smoking history, UV exposure regarding occupation/hobby, and skin type was graded according to the Fitzpatrick Skin Type Scale. Patients’ eyelids and equipment were cleaned and prepared for eyelid laxity measurements. A Blephometer was used to measure the distance of the lower eyelid from the globe using a small color scale that represented two-millimeter (mm) increments. Eyelid laxity was graded according to a customary scale; grade 1: 0 - 1.9 mm; grade 2: 2.0 - 3.9 mm; grade 3: 4 - 9 mm; and grade 4: > 9mm. In addition, patient sleeping side and other demographics were examined to find a correlation of increased eyelid laxity. Patients display a link between the side on which they usually sleep and the laxity of their lower eyelid.
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Identifier
irsc_s_b_p0007
Format
Document (PDF)